Dry eye syndrome

Dry eye syndrome, also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca or simply dry eyes, is a condition in which the tear film does not function properly. Your tear film consists of three layers: an oily outer layer, a watery middle layer and a mucous layer on the inside. Together, these layers ensure that the surface of your eye remains smooth and moist and that you can see clearly.

Dry eye syndrome involves a disruption in this tear film. This may be because your tear glands produce too little fluid, because the composition of the tear fluid is incorrect, or because the fluid evaporates too quickly. The result is that the surface of your eye is not adequately protected or moistened.

Common symptoms

People with dry eye syndrome often experience a stinging, burning or gritty sensation, as if there were sand in their eyes. Other symptoms include red eyes, tired eyes, a feeling of pressure, blurred vision that improves briefly after blinking, and sometimes, conversely, watery eyes. The latter may sound strange, but it is your eyes’ reaction to the dryness: your tear glands start to produce extra fluid, but that fluid does not have the correct composition and does not solve the problem.

Causes and risk factors

Dry eye syndrome can have various causes. Age plays a role: as you get older, your tear glands often produce less fluid. Hormonal changes, for example during the menopause, can also have an impact. Furthermore, certain medicines such as antihistamines, antidepressants or blood pressure-lowering drugs can contribute to dry eyes.

Your environment also makes a difference. Dry air, air conditioning, heating, wind and smoke can accelerate the evaporation of your tears. Prolonged screen use causes you to blink less, which means your tear film is not refreshed as effectively. Contact lenses can also contribute to symptoms of dryness, especially if they do not fit properly or if you wear them for too long.

Some people have an underlying condition that causes dry eyes, such as Sjögren’s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes or thyroid disorders. Dry eyes may also occur, either temporarily or permanently, following certain eye operations, such as refractive surgery.

What you can do yourself

There are several things that can help improve comfort if you suffer from dry eyes. Try to blink regularly, especially when working at a computer screen. Ensure there is sufficient humidity in your home or office, and avoid direct exposure to air conditioning or heating. Wear sunglasses in windy conditions or bright light to prevent evaporation.

At SMEYEL , you’ll find moisturising eye drops designed to moisturise and rinse the surface of the eye. Read the package leaflet for the intended use. If symptoms persist, you should seek advice from your optician or ophthalmologist.

When to see an optician

Dry eye syndrome is a condition that can often be managed effectively, but sometimes further investigation or treatment is required. If you have persistent or severe symptoms, or if you are unsure of the cause, please have them assessed by your optician, optometrist or ophthalmologist. They can assess the severity, identify underlying causes and, where necessary, draw up a treatment plan.

Some people may benefit from special prescription eye drops, from blocking the tear ducts, or from treatment for an underlying condition. Self-care can help with mild symptoms, but is no substitute for professional advice if problems persist or worsen.